Elementary School Math

Flat shapes that have only two dimensions: length and width. Examples include squares, circles, triangles, and rectangles.

Solid shapes that have three dimensions: length, width, and height (or depth). Examples include cubes, spheres, cones, and cylinders.

The process of combining two or more numbers to find their total sum. It is one of the four basic arithmetic operations.

The amount of surface a two-dimensional shape covers, measured in square units. For a rectangle, it's length multiplied by width.

The maximum amount of liquid or other substance a container can hold. It is measured in units like cups, liters, or gallons.

States that the order of numbers does not affect the result in addition (a+b = b+a) or multiplication (a×b = b×a).

Determining if one number is greater than, less than, or equal to another number. This uses symbols like >, <, and =.

The action of determining the total number of objects in a set or saying numbers in order. It is a fundamental skill for understanding quantity.

Numbers that represent parts of a whole, where the value of each digit is determined by its position relative to the decimal point. They are another way to write fractions.

The process of splitting a number into equal groups or parts to find how many are in each group, or how many groups can be made. It is the inverse of multiplication.

An equality states that two expressions have the same value (=), while an inequality states they are not equal, using symbols like <, >, ≤, or ≥.

Finding an approximate value or quantity that is close to the actual answer, often used when an exact answer isn't needed or is hard to find. It involves educated guesses.

Whole numbers that are divisible by 2 with no remainder. Examples include 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and so on.

A set of related addition and subtraction, or multiplication and division, equations using the same three numbers. For example, 3+5=8, 5+3=8, 8-3=5, 8-5=3.

Numbers that represent a part of a whole or a part of a set. They consist of a numerator (top) and a denominator (bottom).

A way to visually represent data using bars of different heights or lengths. Each bar represents a category, and its length shows the quantity.

The measurement of the distance between two points or the extent of something from end to end. It uses units like inches, feet, or centimeters.

A system of currency (coins and bills) used to exchange for goods and services. Understanding money involves counting, adding, and subtracting amounts.

The process of repeatedly adding the same number to itself a certain number of times. It finds the product of two or more numbers.

A straight line with numbers placed at equal intervals along its length. It visually represents numbers and their order.

The ability to identify and name numerals (symbols for numbers) and associate them with their corresponding quantities. This is crucial for early math literacy.

Whole numbers that cannot be divided exactly by 2, leaving a remainder of 1. Examples include 1, 3, 5, 7, and so on.

Arranging numbers in a sequence from smallest to largest (ascending order) or largest to smallest (descending order). This helps organize data.

A sequence of numbers, shapes, or objects that repeats or follows a predictable rule. Identifying patterns helps develop algebraic thinking.

The total distance around the outside edge of a two-dimensional shape. It is found by adding the lengths of all its sides.

The value of a digit based on its position in a number. For example, in 345, the '3' represents 300 because it's in the hundreds place.

Simplifying a number by changing it to the nearest multiple of ten, hundred, or thousand. This makes numbers easier to work with.

Counting forward by a number other than 1, such as by 2s, 5s, or 10s. It helps build a foundation for multiplication.

The process of taking one number away from another to find the difference. It is the inverse operation of addition.

When a shape or object can be divided by a line (line of symmetry) into two identical halves that mirror each other. It shows balance.

A system of counting using vertical strokes, where every fifth stroke crosses the previous four. They are used for quick data collection.

The skill of reading analog and digital clocks to determine the hour and minute. It involves understanding units like seconds, minutes, and hours.

Weight is a measure of the force of gravity on an object, while mass is the amount of matter in an object. Often used interchangeably in elementary school, measured in units like pounds or grams.

The set of non-negative integers (0, 1, 2, 3, ...). They include natural numbers and zero, without fractions or decimals.

Mathematical problems presented in a narrative format, requiring students to read, understand, and apply operations to solve them. They connect math to real life.